Retrospective study of the pre-operative clinical indications, associated surgical proce dures and visual outcomes of 269 penetrating keratoplasties (PKP) performed at Ramathibodi Hospital from 1981 through 1992 was done. Corneal ulcer was the most common indication, accounting for 103 cases (38.3%). Other major indications included leukoma cornea 46 cases (13.6%) and regraft 26 cases (9.7%). The associated procedure and visual outcome were discussed.